The Manhattan Project –MED– Manhattan Engineer District, developed from the Advisory Committee on Uranium created by FDR in October of 1939 by the legendary prompting of scientists Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard.
The Uranium Committee: http://www.mphpa.org/classic/HISTORY/H-04a.htm ; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium_Committee
MED acquired 9 major campus facilities, which later became National Laboratories.
Los Alamos, New Mexico ____________________________________
http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests/Trinity.html (arrow-controlled slideshow)
The US Tests……………….. 2 attacks, 1,254 atmospheric, underground or water through Sept.1993
1945 – TRINITY - July 16, 1945 - first ever atomic explosion at Alamogordo, New Mexico : 1 shot
The Target Committee, 16 men who met in the office of Secretary of War, Henry L. Stimson
1945 – Hiroshima, August 6 – Nagasaki, August 9
Brigadier General Carter Clark stated in his book, American Caesar (p.359), “when we didn’t need to do it, and we knew we didn’t need to do it, we used them as an experiment for two atomic bombs”.
1946 – Operation CROSSROADS – July 1-25 – Marshall Islands, Pacific : 2 shots
1948 – Operation SANDSTONE – Apr15-May15 – Marshall Islands, Pacific : 3 shots
<Aug.1949-the Soviets detonate their first atmospheric test>
1951 – Operation RANGER – Jan27-Feb06 – Nevada Test Site : 5 shots
1951 – Operation GREENHOUSE – Apr08-May25 – Marshall Islands, Pacific : 4 shots
1951 – Operation BUSTER-JANGLE – Oct22-Nov29 – Nevada Test Site : 7 shots
1952 – Operation TUMBLER-SNAPPER – Apr 1-Jun05 – Nevada Test Site : 8 shots
1952 – Operation IVY – Nov 1-Nov16 – Marshall Islands, Pacific : 2 shots (thermonuclear)
1953 – Operation UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE – Mar17-Jun04 – Nevada Test Site : 11 shots
1954 – Operation CASTLE – Mar 1-May15 – Marshall Islands, Pacific : 6 shots (thermonuclear)
1955 – Operation TEAPOT – Feb18-May15 – Nevada Test Site : 14 shots
1955 – Operation WIGWAM – May 14 – San Diego, CA : 2000ft. underwater
1955 – Project 56
1956 – Operation REDWING – May -July22 – Marshall Islands, Pacific : 17 shots
1957 – Operation PLUMBOB – May28-Oct07 – Nevada Test Site : 29 shots (largest test series) PEAK FALLOUT -1957-1964
1957 – Projects 57 & 58 – April – Nevada Test Site
<Great Britain (UK) begins testing – limited joint operations with the US>
1958 – Operation HARDTACK I – HARDTACK II, – Marshall Islands, Pacific : 62 atmospheric, 15 underground, ballistics
NASA is chartered from the previous NACA http://fedupusa.wordpress.com/nasa/
1958 – Project ORION – nuclear spacecraft project
1958 – Operation ARGUS – High Altitude (100-500mile ballistic missiles), Top Secret –1,100 miles from Capetown, So.Africa
1961 – 1962 Operation NOUGAT
< France begins detonation tests – program runs from 1961 to 1974>
1962 – Operation SWORDFISH – May 11 – 360miles S.W. of San Diego, CA : 20kt underwater
1962 – Operations DOMINIC, FISHBOWL, STORAX, SUN BEAM, ROLLER COASTER, and PLOWSHARE
1963 -
<Soviets detonate the largest H-bomb ever constructed (100Mt), exploded at near half-potential, approx. 55Mt>
Aug. 5, 1963 – United States, United Kingdom, and SovietUSSR sign the Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT)
[Nov22- JFK assassinated]
1964 -
<China conducts first test at Lop Nor, October 16>
1969 – SALT I – negotiations from 1969-1972 http://www.answers.com/topic/salt-i-treaty ; http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1799.html
1972 – Nixon and Brezhnev sign the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, May 26 1972
1974 – SALT II – negotiations, no treaty ever ratified
1983 – START negotiations initiated under Ronald Reagan, Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
